Pass-by-reference is simulated in C by explicitly passing pointer values. Function parameters are always passed by value (except arrays). In C, all executable code is contained within subroutines (also called 'functions', though not strictly in the sense of functional programming). Its static type system prevents unintended operations. Like most procedural languages in the ALGOL tradition, C has facilities for structured programming and allows lexical variable scope and recursion. ĭennis Ritchie (right), the inventor of the C programming language, with Ken Thompson Since 2000, C has consistently ranked among the top two languages in the TIOBE index, a measure of the popularity of programming languages. A standards-compliant C program written with portability in mind can be compiled for a wide variety of computer platforms and operating systems with few changes to its source code. Despite its low-level capabilities, the language was designed to encourage cross-platform programming. It was designed to be compiled to provide low-level access to memory and language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, all with minimal runtime support. C has been standardized by ANSI since 1989 ( ANSI C) and by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).Ĭ is an imperative procedural language.

It has become one of the most widely used programming languages, with C compilers from various vendors available for the majority of existing computer architectures and operating systems. During the 1980s, C gradually gained popularity. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system.

Such applications include operating systems and various application software for computer architectures that range from supercomputers to PLCs and embedded systems.Ī successor to the programming language B, C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Dennis Ritchie between 19 to construct utilities running on Unix. It has found lasting use in applications previously coded in assembly language. By design, C provides constructs that map efficiently to typical machine instructions. Numerous: AMPL, AWK, csh, C++, C-, C#, Objective-C, D, Go, Java, JavaScript, JS++, Julia, Limbo, LPC, Perl, PHP, Pike, Processing, Python, Rust, Seed7, Vala, Verilog (HDL), Nim, ZigĬ ( / ˈ s iː/, as in the letter c) is a general-purpose, procedural computer programming language supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, with a static type system. K&R C, GCC, Clang, Intel C, C++Builder, Microsoft Visual C++, Watcom CĬyclone, Unified Parallel C, Split-C, Cilk, C*ī ( BCPL, CPL), ALGOL 68, assembly, PL/I, FORTRAN

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